RESUMO
Parathyroid adenoma is a rare tumour and are generally small size (< 2 cm) and <1gm weight. Giant adenomas are infrequent, are mostly elucidated as > 3.5 gm weight, along with few reports weights up to 110 gm. Parathyroid adenoma are usually found with primary hyperparathyroidism syndrome which is common, seen as third most common endocrine disorder. In this study a case of 52-year-old lady was refereed with complain of neck swelling, lethargy and generalized drowsiness. The results obtained from laboratory revealed increased serum calcium and increased parathyroid hormone. There is no significant history of renal stone, renal dysfunction or any family history of endocrinal tumours. Ultrasonography revealed a composite nodule with cystic and solid elements. Focused surgical neck exploration was performed with removal of 4 gm adenoma . Microscopic examination showed, encapsulated lesion formed of chief cells of parathyroid organized within network of capillaries. The most exact mechanism for localizing a Parathyroid Adenoma is altogether MIBI scan along with neck ultrasonography. Surgical excision with monitoring of parathyroid hormone screening during operation is the recommended conductance. Need for the intraoperative Parathyroid hormone monitoring is debatable in Parathyroid adenoma due to accuracy of preoperative imaging.
RESUMO
A study was conducted to determine the effects of pesticide application at different doses on the population density of two important plant growth promoting rhizobacteria [PGPR]: Methylobacterium spp. And Bacillus spp. These bacteria play an important role in plant growth promotion and as such are associated with the soil's nutritional value. The purpose of the study was to find whether or not pesticides do affect these PGPR and ultimately lead to environmental stress. Four organophosphates and four biopesticides were used for the purpose of the study. The results revealed that pesticide applications caused a drastic reduction in the microbial population present in the soil, especially Methylobacterium sp. which was completely extinct in soil treated with Chlorpyrifos, Phorate and Dimethoate, except for [count of 0.7 x 106, 30 days, R.D. in Phorate treated soil], [106, 40 days and 0.55 x 106, 30 days, 2 R.D. in Chlorpyrifos treated soil]. The same species proliferated well in biopesticide-treated soil except for a reduction in Neem treated plates [2.4 x 106 in R.D as compared to 3.3 x 106 in control]. Increased doses of Dimethoate and Chlorpyrifos had profound effects on the Bacillus sp. population. In the case of biopesticides, only Karanj had a negative impact on its count, especially at 10 R.D., maybe as a result of its antibacterial effect. So, our present research focuses on the extensive use of biopesticides from a sustainable agriculture point of view.